Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF SPDR S&P 500 ETF SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF

6m (24w) ahead

Top Predictive Factors

Causally predictive factors for the values of the selected instruments at the time point 6m (24w) away.

Cintas Corporation Common Stock

2025-12-05T05:40:25.193215 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Abbott Laboratories

2025-12-05T05:40:25.214657 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Electronic Arts Inc. Common Stock

2025-12-05T05:40:25.234835 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

PepsiCo, Inc. Common Stock

2025-12-05T05:40:25.254637 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

as of

Our Probabilistic Prediction

We train a group of models, each predicting a set of possible outcomes for the time point 6m (24w) away. Below are all predictions as of .

2025-12-05T05:40:25.792622 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2025-12-05T05:40:26.007486 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.024 > 0.001

2025-12-05T05:40:26.140262 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2025-12-05T05:40:28.260089 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2025-12-05T05:40:28.474950 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.008 > 0.001

2025-12-05T05:40:28.603622 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2025-12-05T05:40:31.233793 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2025-12-05T05:40:31.463451 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.034 > 0.001

2025-12-05T05:40:31.602133 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Trades

Next-Day Position

Each model casts a vote "up", "down" or "undecided" on the direction of change from the calculation time to the time point 6m (24w) away. The signal is the net vote (percentage of "up" votes minus percentage of "down" votes). As each signal output over the recent 6m (24w) concerns the next day, the next-day position is the average of the signals calculated over the last 6m (24w).

% Up % Down % Un­de­cided
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF 69% 2% 29%
SPDR S&P 500 ETF 82% 0% 18%
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF 91% 1% 8%

with respect to the time point respectively,

Time Value
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF Thu 2025-12-04 UTC 622.94
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Thu 2025-12-04 UTC 684.39
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Thu 2025-12-04 UTC 479.07

Performance of Past Trades

The Sharpe ratio is calculated on returns measured as the difference between values rather than in percentage, assuming zero trading cost.

Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
1.12 1.26
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
26.49 6.12
2025-12-05T05:40:26.690229 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR S&P 500 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
1.13 1.19
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
- 1.95
2025-12-05T05:40:29.136644 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
0.87 0.91
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
1.12 2.14
2025-12-05T05:40:32.152891 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/