Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF SPDR S&P 500 ETF SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF

6m (24w) ahead

Top Predictive Factors

Causally predictive factors for the values of the selected instruments at the time point 6m (24w) away.

Nvidia Corporation

2025-04-28T12:14:54.233801 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Take-Two Interactive Software, Inc. Common Stock

2025-04-28T12:14:54.262071 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Micron Technology, Inc. Common Stock

2025-04-28T12:14:54.280400 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Amazon.com, Inc. Common Stock

2025-04-28T12:14:54.298736 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

as of

Our Probabilistic Prediction

We train a group of models, each predicting a set of possible outcomes for the time point 6m (24w) away. Below are all predictions as of .

2025-04-28T12:14:55.914015 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date.

2025-04-28T12:14:56.106619 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

On each date of the above sample, we read out the realised probability level then test the hypothesis that they follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1, when the prediction is generally done well (whitepaper). The user is free to use any significance level e.g. 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 for the test.

Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF

🟢 p-value: 0.016 > 0.001

2025-04-28T12:14:56.244565 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2025-04-28T12:14:58.388744 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date.

2025-04-28T12:14:58.576995 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

On each date of the above sample, we read out the realised probability level then test the hypothesis that they follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1, when the prediction is generally done well (whitepaper). The user is free to use any significance level e.g. 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 for the test.

SPDR S&P 500 ETF

🔴 p-value: 0.0 < 0.001

2025-04-28T12:14:58.703271 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2025-04-28T12:15:01.183220 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date.

2025-04-28T12:15:01.406328 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

On each date of the above sample, we read out the realised probability level then test the hypothesis that they follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1, when the prediction is generally done well (whitepaper). The user is free to use any significance level e.g. 0.001, 0.01, 0.05 for the test.

SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF

🟢 p-value: 0.001 > 0.001

2025-04-28T12:15:01.558013 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Trades

Next-Day Position

Each model casts a vote "up", "down" or "undecided" on the direction of change from the calculation time to the time point 6m (24w) away. The signal is the net vote (percentage of "up" votes minus percentage of "down" votes). As each signal output over the recent 6m (24w) concerns the next day, the next-day position is the average of the signals calculated over the last 6m (24w).

% Up % Down % Un­de­cided
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF 75% 2% 24%
SPDR S&P 500 ETF 75% 0% 25%
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF 94% 0% 6%

with respect to the time point respectively,

Time Value
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF Fri 2025-04-25 UTC 472.56
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Fri 2025-04-25 UTC 550.64
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Fri 2025-04-25 UTC 401.02

Performance of Past Trades

The Sharpe ratio is calculated on returns measured as the difference between values rather than in percentage, assuming zero trading cost.

Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
0.6 0.85
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
32.43 14.58
2025-04-28T12:14:56.839978 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR S&P 500 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
0.79 0.76
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
3.44 10.74
2025-04-28T12:14:59.163185 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
0.49 0.5
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
4.71 5.83
2025-04-28T12:15:02.065348 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/