Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF SPDR S&P 500 ETF SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF

6m (24w) ahead

Top Predictive Factors

Causally predictive factors for the values of the selected instruments at the time point 6m (24w) away.

Consumer Staples Sector SPDR ETF

2026-01-25T12:13:22.246225 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

PepsiCo, Inc. Common Stock

2026-01-25T12:13:22.266112 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

AT&T Inc

2026-01-25T12:13:22.285528 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF

2026-01-25T12:13:22.304177 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

as of

Our Probabilistic Prediction

We train a group of models, each predicting a set of possible outcomes for the time point 6m (24w) away. Below are all predictions as of .

2026-01-25T12:13:24.529079 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2026-01-25T12:13:24.744745 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.01 > 0.001

2026-01-25T12:13:24.870844 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2026-01-25T12:13:27.636953 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2026-01-25T12:13:27.850731 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.003 > 0.001

2026-01-25T12:13:27.974355 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2026-01-25T12:13:30.692909 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2026-01-25T12:13:30.917292 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.034 > 0.001

2026-01-25T12:13:31.053866 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Trades

Next-Day Position

Each model casts a vote "up", "down" or "undecided" on the direction of change from the calculation time to the time point 6m (24w) away. The signal is the net vote (percentage of "up" votes minus percentage of "down" votes). As each signal output over the recent 6m (24w) concerns the next day, the next-day position is the average of the signals calculated over the last 6m (24w).

% Up % Down % Un­de­cided
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF 54% 3% 43%
SPDR S&P 500 ETF 88% 0% 12%
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF 91% 1% 9%

with respect to the time point respectively,

Time Value
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF Fri 2026-01-23 UTC 622.72
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Fri 2026-01-23 UTC 689.23
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Fri 2026-01-23 UTC 490.93

Performance of Past Trades

The Sharpe ratio is calculated on returns measured as the difference between values rather than in percentage, assuming zero trading cost.

Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
1.08 1.21
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
23.79 2.74
2026-01-25T12:13:25.425234 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR S&P 500 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
1.1 1.16
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
- -
2026-01-25T12:13:28.513949 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
0.9 0.95
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
0.76 1.81
2026-01-25T12:13:31.599203 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/