Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF SPDR S&P 500 ETF SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF

6m (24w) ahead

Top Predictive Factors

Causally predictive factors for the values of the selected instruments at the time point 6m (24w) away.

The Walt Disney Company

2026-05-13T00:48:39.939468 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Nvidia Corporation

2026-05-13T00:48:39.958387 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

KLA Corporation Common Stock

2026-05-13T00:48:39.977540 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Ford Motor Company

2026-05-13T00:48:39.996663 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

as of

Our Probabilistic Prediction

We train a group of models, each predicting a set of possible outcomes for the time point 6m (24w) away. Below are all predictions as of .

2026-05-13T00:48:42.138052 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2026-05-13T00:48:42.383721 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.01 > 0.001

2026-05-13T00:48:42.526185 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2026-05-13T00:48:45.096899 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2026-05-13T00:48:45.385941 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.003 > 0.001

2026-05-13T00:48:45.518926 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
2026-05-13T00:48:48.652046 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
Goodness of Probabilistic Prediction

For any date, the prediction plotted in graded colored bars are calculated 6m (24w) prior to that date. We test the hypothesis that it follow the uniform distribution between 0 and 1 on each sample of realised probability levels taken 6m (24w) apart (whitepaper). If the computed p-value for any sample is below a pre-set threshold, the hypothesis is rejected. Below is the sample producing the lowest p-value.

2026-05-13T00:48:48.893882 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

🟢 p-value: 0.043 > 0.001

2026-05-13T00:48:49.028529 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/

Trades

Next-Day Position

Each model casts a vote "up", "down" or "undecided" on the direction of change from the calculation time to the time point 6m (24w) away. The signal is the net vote (percentage of "up" votes minus percentage of "down" votes). As each signal output over the recent 6m (24w) concerns the next day, the next-day position is the average of the signals calculated over the last 6m (24w).

% Up % Down % Un­de­cided
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF 41% 1% 58%
SPDR S&P 500 ETF 71% 1% 29%
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF 85% 1% 15%

with respect to the time point respectively,

Time Value
Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF Tue 2026-05-12 UTC 707.24
SPDR S&P 500 ETF Tue 2026-05-12 UTC 738.18
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF Tue 2026-05-12 UTC 497.89

Performance of Past Trades

The Sharpe ratio is calculated on returns measured as the difference between values rather than in percentage, assuming zero trading cost.

Invesco Nasdaq-100 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
1.16 1.34
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
17.65 -
2026-05-13T00:48:43.127611 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR S&P 500 ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
1.14 1.22
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
- -
2026-05-13T00:48:46.097665 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/
SPDR Dow Jones Industrial Average ETF
Active Buy-and-Hold
Sharpe ratio
(the higher the better)
0.84 0.87
Solvency II Value-at-Risk 99.5%
(the lower the better)
- 1.04
2026-05-13T00:48:49.605334 image/svg+xml Matplotlib v3.7.3, https://matplotlib.org/